164 research outputs found
Nobel-Prize-winning papers are significantly more highly-cited but not more disruptive than non-prize-winning counterparts
Using citation data of 557 Nobel prize winning papers and the same number of their non-prize winning counterparts in the same journal issues, we examined if the prize-winning papers have higher academic disruption than their counterparts. The results show that overall, the former group is significantly more highly-cited but not more disruptive than the latter. Moreover, the results are not consistent with existing knowledge that the numbers of authors and references negatively correlate with the disruption of papers
Flipbot: Learning Continuous Paper Flipping via Coarse-to-Fine Exteroceptive-Proprioceptive Exploration
This paper tackles the task of singulating and grasping paper-like deformable
objects. We refer to such tasks as paper-flipping. In contrast to manipulating
deformable objects that lack compression strength (such as shirts and ropes),
minor variations in the physical properties of the paper-like deformable
objects significantly impact the results, making manipulation highly
challenging. Here, we present Flipbot, a novel solution for flipping paper-like
deformable objects. Flipbot allows the robot to capture object physical
properties by integrating exteroceptive and proprioceptive perceptions that are
indispensable for manipulating deformable objects. Furthermore, by
incorporating a proposed coarse-to-fine exploration process, the system is
capable of learning the optimal control parameters for effective paper-flipping
through proprioceptive and exteroceptive inputs. We deploy our method on a
real-world robot with a soft gripper and learn in a self-supervised manner. The
resulting policy demonstrates the effectiveness of Flipbot on paper-flipping
tasks with various settings beyond the reach of prior studies, including but
not limited to flipping pages throughout a book and emptying paper sheets in a
box.Comment: Accepted to International Conference on Robotics and Automation
(ICRA) 202
Learn to Grasp via Intention Discovery and its Application to Challenging Clutter
Humans excel in grasping objects through diverse and robust policies, many of
which are so probabilistically rare that exploration-based learning methods
hardly observe and learn. Inspired by the human learning process, we propose a
method to extract and exploit latent intents from demonstrations, and then
learn diverse and robust grasping policies through self-exploration. The
resulting policy can grasp challenging objects in various environments with an
off-the-shelf parallel gripper. The key component is a learned intention
estimator, which maps gripper pose and visual sensory to a set of sub-intents
covering important phases of the grasping movement. Sub-intents can be used to
build an intrinsic reward to guide policy learning. The learned policy
demonstrates remarkable zero-shot generalization from simulation to the real
world while retaining its robustness against states that have never been
encountered during training, novel objects such as protractors and user
manuals, and environments such as the cluttered conveyor.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L
Designing a Programming Contract Library for Java
Programmers are now developing large and complex software systems, so it’s important to have software that is consistent, efficient, and robust. Programming contracts allow developers to specify preconditions, postconditions, and invariants in order to more easily identify programming errors. The design by contract principle [1] was first used in the Eiffel programming language [2], and has since been extended to libraries in many other languages. The purpose of my project is to design a programming contract library for Java. The library supports a set of preconditions, postconditions, and invariants that are specified in Java annotations. It incorporates contract checking for objects of classes following the bean notation [3]. The library also supports checking for user-defined functions as contract conditions. This feature allows the user to check for complex contract conditions. In addition to these, the library supports contracts using lambdas in Java 8 [4], which to our knowledge has not been done in previous works on Java contracts. While the results show us that enabling contracts lowers the performance of the system, especially when lambda contracts are used, we also demonstrate how careful design can significantly reduce the overhead
ERRA: An Embodied Representation and Reasoning Architecture for Long-horizon Language-conditioned Manipulation Tasks
This letter introduces ERRA, an embodied learning architecture that enables
robots to jointly obtain three fundamental capabilities (reasoning, planning,
and interaction) for solving long-horizon language-conditioned manipulation
tasks. ERRA is based on tightly-coupled probabilistic inferences at two
granularity levels. Coarse-resolution inference is formulated as sequence
generation through a large language model, which infers action language from
natural language instruction and environment state. The robot then zooms to the
fine-resolution inference part to perform the concrete action corresponding to
the action language. Fine-resolution inference is constructed as a Markov
decision process, which takes action language and environmental sensing as
observations and outputs the action. The results of action execution in
environments provide feedback for subsequent coarse-resolution reasoning. Such
coarse-to-fine inference allows the robot to decompose and achieve long-horizon
tasks interactively. In extensive experiments, we show that ERRA can complete
various long-horizon manipulation tasks specified by abstract language
instructions. We also demonstrate successful generalization to the novel but
similar natural language instructions.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L
TAK1 inhibition mitigates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury through reduction of oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis via the NRF2 signaling pathway
IntroductionIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation across various diseases. 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (OZ), a specific inhibitor of TAK1, has exhibited therapeutic effects in various conditions. However, the impact of OZ following ICH and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the possible role of OZ in ICH and its underlying mechanisms by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis. MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to an ICH model, followed by treatment with OZ. Neurobehavioral function, blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal pyroptosis, and oxidative stress markers were assessed using various techniques including behavioral tests, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and biochemical assays.ResultsOur study revealed that OZ administration significantly inhibited phosphorylated TAK1 expression post-ICH. Furthermore, TAK1 blockade by OZ attenuated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage while enhancing neurobehavioral function. Mechanistically, OZ administration markedly reduced ROS production and oxidative stress by facilitating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation. This was accompanied by a subsequent suppression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activation-mediated inflammatory cascade and neuronal pyroptosis. DiscussionOur findings highlight that OZ alleviates brain injury and oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis via the NRF2 pathway. Inhibition of TAK1 emerges as a promising approach for managing ICH
Exploring the Potential Transmission Risk of Schistosomiasis Japonica in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Vector snails are important in the life cycle of schisosomiasis, the need to understand the ecologic factors that could enhance snails’ survival and trigger schistosomiasis transmission necessitated this study. Therefore, the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission was explored in Zhangjiagang region, a non-endemic area in lower reaches of Yangtze River, eastern of China. The key indictors, including snail survival rate, spawn rate, hatching rate and gland development, were investigated through the designed experiments, routine snail and infectious source surveillance. The results showed that there was no significant difference in surviving rate, spawn rate, hatching rate and gland development between groups of simulated environments in laboratory, similar finding in field experiments, which suggested that snails stand a high possibility to survive in these non-endemic areas once they spread into these areas from other places. And no snails and infectious source were found either in the previous routine monitoring in the past decades and the snail surveillance we conducted from 2007 to 2013. Therefore, there is little risk in the study areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the sporadic and imported cases are still seen in a few areas adjacent to the endemic or transmission interrupted areas as the important infectious source, thus become a risk of schistosomisis transmission or re-emergence in these areas where the snail exists. Hence, maintaining routine monitoring and surveillance can be one of the effective and efficient ways to prevent the re-emergence of Schistosomiasis
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting Livin induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cell via a mechanism involving caspase 3
BACKGROUND AND AIM: in recent years, Livin, a new member of IAPs family, is found to be a key molecule in cancers. Researchers consider Livin may become a new target for tumor therapy; however, the role of it in bladder cancer is still unclear. The purpose of this article is to investigate Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASODN) of Livin on treating bladder cancer cell and underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Phosphorathioate modifying was used to synthesize antisense oligonucleotides targeting Livin, followed by transfection into human bladder cancer cell 5637. After transfection, Livin mRNA and protein level, cell proliferation and apoptosis changes, caspase3 level and its effect on human bladder cancer transplantable tumor in nude mice were measured. RESULT: results showed Livin ASODN effectively inhibited Livin expression and tumor cell proliferation, and these effects probably through enhanced caspase3 activity and apoptosis of tumor cells. In nude mice transplantable tumor model, Livin expressions were inhibited meanwhile caspase3 expression was increased. Tumor growth slowed down and apoptosis was enhanced. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Livin plays an important role in inhibiting apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Livin ASODN may promote cell apoptosis, inhibit bladder cancer growth, and become one of the methods of gene therapy for bladder cancer
Ultrasensitive piezoelectric sensor based on two-dimensional Na2Cl crystals with periodic atom vacancies
Pursuing ultrasensitivity of pressure sensors has been a long-standing goal.
Here, we report a piezoelectric sensor that exhibits supreme pressure-sensing
performance, including a peak sensitivity up to 3.5*10^6 kPa^-1 in the pressure
range of 1-100 mPa and a detection limit of less than 1 mPa, superior to the
current state-of-the-art pressure sensors. These properties are attributed to
the high percentage of periodic atom vacancies in the two-dimensional Na2Cl
crystals formed within multilayered graphene oxide membrane in the sensor,
which provides giant polarization with high stability. The sensor can even
clearly detect the airflow fluctuations surrounding a flapping butterfly, which
have long been the elusive tiny signals in the famous "butterfly effect". The
finding represents a step towards next-generation pressure sensors for various
precision applications
Electroweak Supersymmetry around the Electroweak Scale
Inspired by the phenomenological constraints, LHC supersymmetry and Higgs
searches, dark matter search as well as string model building, we propose the
electroweak supersymmetry around the electroweak scale: the squarks and/or
gluinos are around a few TeV while the sleptons, sneutrinos, bino and winos are
within one TeV. The Higgsinos can be either heavy or light. We consider bino as
the dominant component of dark matter candidate, and the observed dark matter
relic density is achieved via the neutralino-stau coannihilations. Considering
the Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA), we show explicitly that the
electroweak supersymmetry can be realized, and the gauge coupling unification
can be preserved. With two Scenarios, we study the viable parameter spaces that
satisfy all the current phenomenological constraints, and we present the
concrete benchmark points. Furthermore, we comment on the fine-tuning problem
and LHC searches.Comment: RevTex4, 28 pages, 8 figures, 8 tables, version to appear in EPJ
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